Niall Kishtainy
Trace the evolution of economic thought from ancient debates about wealth and justice to modern arguments about well-being, inequality, and the environment.
Early economic thought, from ancient Greek philosophers to medieval theologians, focused primarily on the moral and ethical dimensions of wealth, trade, and monetary interest.
The classical perspective introduced the concept of the invisible hand, suggesting that individual self-interest, when moderated by moral norms, can coordinate complex markets to generate social benefits.
Industrialization spurred radical alternative frameworks, most notably Karl Marx's critique of capital accumulation as a system driven by class conflict and the exploitation of labor.